What is flocculation primarily used for in water treatment?

Flocculation is primarily used in water treatment to coagulate small particles and impurities into larger clusters, known as flocs. This process is essential for the removal of suspended solids and colloidal materials that can cause turbidity in water. During flocculation, a chemical agent, typically a coagulant, is added to the water. This agent neutralizes the charges on small particles, allowing them to stick together. As these particles aggregate into larger flocs, they become easier to remove through subsequent processes such as sedimentation or filtration.

In the context of water treatment, enhancing clarity and reducing contaminant levels are critical to producing safe, potable water. The flocculation process facilitates these goals by effectively grouping contaminants together for efficient removal, thereby improving the overall quality of the treated water.