Which of the following processes is part of direct filtration?

Direct filtration is a water treatment process that involves the purification of water through a series of steps without the need for a sedimentation stage. The correct answer highlights that coagulation, flocculation, and filtration are key components of this process.

Coagulation involves the addition of chemicals (coagulants) to the water, which destabilizes the suspended particles and enables them to aggregate. This is a crucial first step as it prepares the particles for flocculation.

Following coagulation, flocculation occurs, where the destabilized particles (now called flocs) are further encouraged to clump together into larger aggregates. This step enhances the efficiency of the subsequent filtration process.

Finally, filtration is employed to physically remove these aggregated flocs and any remaining suspended solids from the water. This is achieved through various types of filters, which can include sand filters, membrane filters, and others.

The other options include processes that do not accurately describe direct filtration. Specifically, any mention of sedimentation indicates a separate treatment process that is not involved in direct filtration, reinforcing that coagulation, flocculation, and filtration together form the core of the direct filtration method.